What should be added to fluids given via umbilical catheter to prevent clotting?

Adding heparin to fluids administered via an umbilical catheter is essential for preventing clotting. This anticoagulant works by activating antithrombin III, which in turn inhibits thrombin and factor Xa, thereby reducing the likelihood of clot formation in the catheter. Using a concentration of 0.1 to 1 unit of heparin per mL of fluid is a commonly accepted practice, ensuring that the anticoagulant effect is maintained while minimizing complications associated with clotting in the catheter. This is crucial in neonatal care, where maintaining catheter patency is vital for continuous access to the circulatory system for medications and nutrition.

Other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not serve the same purpose. For instance, dextrose is primarily used for providing energy to patients, but it does not have anticoagulant properties. Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting and is used to treat coagulation disorders, but its addition would not prevent clotting within the catheter itself. Lactated Ringer’s solution serves as a rehydration fluid and does not have an effect on thrombus formation. Therefore, including heparin in the fluid administered through umbilical catheters is the appropriate measure to prevent clotting