What should be closely monitored when administering opioids to infants?

When administering opioids to infants, it is crucial to closely monitor heart rate and respiratory status. Infants are particularly vulnerable to the side effects of opioids, which can include respiratory depression and alterations in heart rate. The respiratory system can be significantly affected even with small doses, leading to risks such as hypoventilation or apnea.

Monitoring heart rate is also important because opioids can cause bradycardia or other cardiac arrhythmias. Both the respiratory function and heart rate are vital signs that provide immediate insights into the infant’s physiological response to the medication.

The choice to focus on these aspects is particularly relevant in clinical settings involving sedation or pain management, where adverse reactions can compromise an infant's health quickly. By observing these vital signs, healthcare providers can make timely interventions if any abnormalities are detected.