Which of the following is a risk factor for subgaleal hemorrhage after vacuum-assisted delivery?

The association of nulliparity with subgaleal hemorrhage after vacuum-assisted delivery is grounded in the increased risk factors that nulliparous mothers face during the birthing process. Nulliparous mothers, or those who are giving birth for the first time, may have tighter pelvic structures or less flexibility in the tissues, which can make the delivery more difficult. In vacuum-assisted deliveries, the use of suction can cause excessive traction on the fetal head, increasing the risk of trauma to the newborn as well as subsequent complications such as subgaleal hemorrhage.

This scenario is particularly relevant in the context of vacuum extraction where the baby may require more forceful assistance to be delivered, and nulliparous status can be a significant contributing factor to the likelihood of needing such interventions. Understanding these dynamics helps in managing and anticipating potential risks during delivery.